Racism Essays - Discrimination, Racism, Hatred, Free Essays

Racism Essays - Discrimination, Racism, Hatred, Free Essays Racism Racism is an evil that can destroy socitiy. America is a nation of immigrants and, as such it?s a diverse society where racism and prejudice have no place. Everyone came here from somewhere. Our country is based on the phrase, ?All men are created equal.? We are a diverse nation where racism and prejudice are unwarranted. Racism hurts people. Racism has been present in our world for more than 3,000 years. Take African-Americans, before the Million Man March, Martin Luther King and the civil rights movement, black people were given less respect than dogs. For the first century of our country?s existence, blacks were slaves with no rights. Even after the Civil War freed them, there was no equal opportunity and much oppression of them by whites, particularly in the South. They were constant targets of violence and were put to death by racist hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and Nazis. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.?s civil rights movement was the first step towards a truly de-segregated America. If it had not been for people like Dr. King, Maya Angelou and other strong-willed and just people, the country would probably still have two types of rest rooms one for whites and one for blacks. Racism has been running rampant in our country through out history. In the United States during World War II, citizens of Japanese origin were taken form their homes on the West Coast and moved to inland camps by our government because, after the Japanese attack on pearl Harbor, our -2- government made a generalization abut the Japanese. It decided that the Japanese Americans were a threat and so they decided to put them in camps. These camps were internment camps, not harsh like concentration camps, but devastating for people who considered themselves and were every bit as loyal citizens as the people who were incarcerating them. In society today people look for an easy way out of problems. Most of the time, they can just blame their problems on other people or other races, just as the Nazis did with the Jews, the Gypsies and others in Nazi Germany. Hitler was scared of different people so he felt he had to exterminate 6 million of them. When people behave in this prejudiced way, they just make themselves seem ignorant. One of the darkest periods in American history was when we massacred the American Indians so we could settle their lands. Why did we betray and kill the Indians? We killed them because they were different, because we were afraid of them and because we wanted their land. People assume because they were not white and were not as industrialized as white people that they were a lesser race. After we massacred most of the Indians we put the remanning on reservations specifically for Indians. People who are racist or prejudice are ignorant and do not see what Indians can contribute to the country. By killing the Indians the world was deprived of what the Indians might of contributed. If people could see beyond ethnic origin racism would not be a problem.

Sense and Sensibility

Sense and Sensibility Sense and Sensibility Sense and Sensibility By Mark Nichol This post lists and defines words derived from the Latin verb sentire, meaning â€Å"feel† or â€Å"perceive.† The direct descendant of sentire is sense, which means â€Å"be or become conscious of† or â€Å"comprehend† or â€Å"detect.† As a noun, the word has a more extensive set of definitions- it can pertain to awareness; intelligence; conveyed or intended meaning; and the faculty or function of perceiving through sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. (The word also pertains, less directly, to the capacity to appreciate validity or wisdom, as in â€Å"That makes sense,† or an overall feeling about a mood or a trending opinion, as in â€Å"The sense among the committee members was favorable.†) As used often in these posts, the word also pertains to the various meanings of a word depending on connotation. A sensation is an awareness, feeling, or state of consciousness, or something that is the cause of such; by extension, the word applies to excitement or to someone or something that causes excitement, such as a particularly successful theatrical production or extremely talented athlete or performer; the adjectival form is sensational, and sensationally is the adverbial form. The adjective also pertains to an appeal to emotional reactions, as in the case of publicizing gossip. Sensationalism is the use of subject matter or communication techniques for this purpose; sensationalist is the noun form as well as one adjectival form; the other is sensationalistic. In addition, the adjective sensate describes something that relates to the senses (the adverbial form is sensately), while its antonym, insensate, along with the corresponding adverbial form, refers to a lack of awareness or to brutality or foolishness. The adjective sensory refers to the faculties of the senses, as do sensual and sensuous, though those terms are more often employed in reference to gratification of the senses, especially in terms of sexuality. The respective noun forms are sensuality and sensuousness. Assent and consent both mean â€Å"agreement† or â€Å"approval,† but the former is used in the context of an idea or a suggestion, while consent applies to permission; the distinction can also be expressed as pertaining to judgment or understanding on the one hand and feelings or the will on the other. Both words also serve as verbs as well as nouns; in addition, one who assents is an assenter (or assentor), while consenter is a noun and the adverbial form is consentingly. The adjective consenting is used in the phrase â€Å"consenting adults† in the context of freedom to engage in acts or behaviors as long as other participants are willing partners, while â€Å"age of consent† pertains to the age at which a person is legally considered an adult and is entitled to make decisions about personal behavior. Consensus is a general agreement or solidarity; the adjective, consensual, refers to mutual consent in any endeavor but often pertains to sexual behavior. Dissent is a noun and a verb referring to disagreement or, less often, withholding of approval; it is often employed in the context of a judicial panel, though on a larger scale it pertains to deviation from political or religious ideas. One who dissents is a dissenter, and the term is often capitalized in historical references to various groups of people who did not conform with orthodox religion. Insense is occasionally used in British English to mean â€Å"inform† or â€Å"instruct† or â€Å"impress with an idea†; incense is unrelated. To resent is to feel annoyed or envious; the feeling is resentment. Nonsense refers to words or other communication that does not convey any ideas or meaning or that is absurd, impudent, or trivial; the adjectival and adverbial forms are nonsensical and nonsensically. (Nonsense, as well as antisense and missense, is also used in genetics in reference to coding.) Sensible means â€Å"rational† or â€Å"reasonable,† â€Å"aware,† â€Å"conscious,† â€Å"perceptible,† and â€Å"receptive†; additional meanings are â€Å"convinced† and â€Å"practical,† and the noun form is sensibility. Sensitive shares the meaning of â€Å"receptive† and is a synonym for sensory, but it also applies to restricted information or to issues that require caution or tact, and it often applies to susceptibility to differences or fluctuations or to delicate emotions. Extrasensory is an adjective pertaining to perception of stimuli outside the five physical senses and usually applies to clairvoyance, precognition, and telepathy. Multisensory applies to something involving several of the senses, while multisense pertains to multiple meanings. Sensorium, meanwhile, denotes the areas of the brain associated with receiving and interpreting stimuli; the plural is formed as sensoriums or sensoria. Sensurround, a trademark for a sound system used in movie theaters, is a combination of sense and surround. Common sense is the ability to behave with good judgment and think and make prudent decisions; the usual adjectival form is commonsense, but variations include commonsensical and commonsensible, and commonsensically is the adverbial form. â€Å"Horse sense† is a synonym for â€Å"common sense,† based either on the notion that people who handle horses are attuned to them or on the behavioral qualities of horses. Words descended from sentire that writers may not associate with feeling and perception include sentence, which (from the notion of expressing a feeling or an opinion) denotes either a self-contained syntactical unit or an analogous mathematical expression or a legal judgment or the punishment stemming from such a judgment; sentence is also a verb in the legal sense, referring to the action of imposing a legal judgment or, by extension, causing one or more people to experience suffering. Another such word is sentient, meaning â€Å"aware† or â€Å"conscious of or responsive to stimuli,† or, less commonly, â€Å"acutely perceptive.† The adverbial form is sentiently, and the quality is sentience. A sentiment is an emotion or feeling, an opinion or a thought based on feeling, or the emotional subtext of a thought, statement, or passage. To be sentimental, meanwhile, is to be influenced by feelings or governed by emotion rather than reason or thought; the adverbial form is sentimentally. The word can have a negative connotation pertaining to an excess of emotion; the noun form for this sense is sentimentality. A sentinel is a guard or someone or something suggestive of a guard; the synonym sentry is perhaps a truncation of sentinel, though it may be derived from sanctuary. Scent also stems from sentire; it means â€Å"odor† but also refers to the sense of smell or the power of detecting an odor and, by extension, a course of discovery or pursuit, or an inkling. Scent is also a synonym for perfume and, by extension, refers to any mixture used to lure fish or game. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SConnotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleThe Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

The Effects that William Penn Building Has on Its Surroundings Research Paper

The Effects that William Penn Building Has on Its Surroundings - Research Paper Example Penn himself suggested the name the Latin name of "Sylvania" for this place, which means land of woods, but King Charles of England amended it to â€Å"Pennsylvania† which means Penn’s woods, in order to pay great regards for Penn. In the honor of the founder of the city, a huge bronze statue of Penn is mounted over the top of city’s hall building, also termed as the William Penn building. Penn was not only a good state developer, but he was also one of the early voices for democracy & the union of states. He had very good relations with the colonials & he was in favor of united states of Europe too, along with the United States of America. He proposed some principles for the Pennsylvanian government which are of great inspiration in today’s US constitution. He argued in his most writings that unity is the solution to the problems faced in that time particularly & there is no place for war & unnecessary occupation over people & places. Since his childhood he had seen many sufferings; he was a deep reader of human reaction to sufferings & epidemics & always preferred peace & harmony between people of every place & every religion. The William Penn building has been built on a public square termed by Penn as the Centre square since it is located at the middle of the city of Philadelphia. The centre square is one of the squares laid by Penn himself & planned that it would be a ten-acre place for public buildings. Hence according to his wishes, the Philadelphia city hall has been built at the place. The construction started in the year 1871 & since then many changes have been made to the building with a total cost of $24 million. It covers a total area of 58,222 m ² & is of 167  m height including the bronze statue of William Penn. The building was completed in the year 1901 & since then it has been one of the tallest buildings in the world. For many years, it was forbidden to build any building in the surroundings which gets higher than the statue of Penn, but then the restriction was lifted. It is also the largest  municipal building in the United States. It was designed by a famous architect of that time s John McArthur, Jr. in the second empire style of architecture.  

Techniques To Optimize Communication Skills Assignment

Techniques To Optimize Communication Skills - Assignment Example When I have to communicate with my team members, I would endeavor to keep the following techniques in mind to ensure optimized communications.Interaction Model: With a linear mode of communication, one finds it easy to make the listener understand his or her points. In all my transactions, I have seen that instead of going through a medium, one on one interaction with the listener has worked best for me. It helps develop fruitful communication and establish understanding and grow relationships in better ways. Even when interacting with the team I prefer to use interactive model through which multiple listeners can react to what I am saying one by one. This mode according to me has the least barriers to communication. I always ensure that the medium of the message is as direct as is possible to avoid misunderstandings. Transaction Model: This is more effective in group and multi-listener scenarios, wherein the speaker has all the attention of the audience and keeps it that way through the use of intelligent phrases and quips that indulge the audience and make them agree or disagree with the point being asked much like a dance between partners (Baack, 2012). However, I prefer to use this in group communication scenarios rather than one to one conversations since it starts to sound animated when too much of transaction is encouraged in one to one conversations.In both of the above techniques, barriers are extremely reduced which is the main reason why I prefer to use it.

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay When a conflict arises, many people stand back and watch as their beliefs are trampled on, but sometimes one person will stand up and die for what they believe and inspire all those with similar beliefs. Of the many people who died in the Salem witch trials, one man stands out as a true martyr who died in the pursuit of justice and whose actions served as a model for all the people in Salem. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller portrayed the character of Giles Corey as a martyr through his strong convictions, honesty, concern for justice, and his willingness to die for these causes. Giles Corey, a man of strong beliefs, refused to give the authorities the lie they demanded, therefore, he died a martyr. Unlike many of the people of Salem, Giles Corey held fast to his strong convictions. When he believed something was wrong, he refused to sit and passively accept the injustice, but instead notified the authorities and demanded a fair trial. When his wife was being wrongly accused of witchcraft, Giles stood up for her, yelling in court Youre hearing lies, lies! (84). Giles is clearly concerned with the truth and frequently pleads with the court to reject the girls statements and understand that they [were] telling lies about [his] wife (85). Again, he pursues justice when he urges the court to hear Mary Warren confess that she and the other girls had lied. He introduces her by stating she comes now to tell the truth (88). Giles Corey demonstrates his strong beliefs through his preoccupation with truth and justice in the witch trials. Not only was Giles Corey adamant about justice and other peoples truthfulness in the court, but also he showed that he was an honest man and therefore refused to give an untruthful confession. When Proctor was accused of plowing on Sunday, Giles reminded the court that there were other Christians that do plow on Sunday if the truth be known (91). Giles again offered honest information to the judges, explaining that he had been thirty-three time in court (95). Even if that information made him look bad during his trial, he always felt compelled to tell the truth. Because he had told the truth before and his wife had suffered because of it, Giles refused to speak in court explaining I mentioned my wifes name once and Ill burn in hell long enough for that. I stand mute (97). Giles never  lied, but when he realized that the truth could hurt other people, he simply refused to give any information to the authorities. Following his strong convictions and refusing to lie, Giles Corey died a martyr, suffering a slow put painful death not for personal reasons but for justice in his community. The only words Giles Corey spoke when they placed the stones on his body and demanded a confession were More weight, symbolizing his refusal to lie and his intentions to die in the name of truth (135). Goody Proctor noted that he had remained mute and died Christian under the law making him an example in the community and keeping his name clear from guilt so that his children could keep his farm and continue their lives (135). After hearing the news of Giles strong character and martyrdom, John Proctor declared that he had to confess because he could not mount the gibbet like a saint the way Giles had done (136). Proctor revered Giles for his noble deed and was eventually inspired to give up his own life for the people he loved. Sometimes it is necessary to die so that beliefs and morals may live on. As a man of strong principles who refused to give in to the authoritys demands to sacrifice truth for a quick solution, Giles Corey died a martyr. He held strong to his belief in the importance of truth and chose to give no statements over one that could potentially condemn a friend, family member, or himself. He was a model for the people of Salem in that he accepted his punishment so that they could rid themselves of the plagues of a town wide witch hunt. When justice is in danger of dying, a human death often seems the only way to save such a cause.

The Future of On-line Journalism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

The Future of On-line Journalism Interactivity is what most separates on line news from traditional news. Indexicality (using hypertext links) is an important aspect of on-line journalism because it frees up space and time for the reader. People can explore international news and easily access the latest stories before the papers get to print, all at the click of a mouse. Many studies have been done on how people use web services. One of the major characteristics of such use is searching through different hyperlinks. Hypertext enables people to see things through new dimensions. Online journalists have to be innovative in the way they create news. "Transparent journalism," allowing readers to participate in the writing, is one example of how journalists are adapting to the on line form. "Eye track" (equipment that monitors where people's eyes focus and for how long) studies have also been useful in studying how we use the web. These studies will help news organizations and rest of us in understanding twenty-first century communication. Analysis On-line journalism is a combination of the increasing digitalized technology and the use of the internet. Digitalized technology and the internet are the two leading factors in the evolution of print in terms of Gasher's views of interactivity (Gasher). On-line news sites are the peak at this point in technological evolution and are serving, as well as changing the functions of media because they combine these two factors. On-line journalism can be assessed through its evolution, its basic functions and its benefits. The evolution of print has shown general progression through expanse, detail, interactivity and expressiveness of communication. The first publications print... ... Mediascapes: New Patterns in Canadian Communication. Edited by Paul Attallah and Leslie Regan Shade. Scarborough, ON: Nelson, p. 259-261. The New York Times on the Web. (2002) Available on-line: last consulted: October 8th, 2002. Peter Jennings. (2002) "The Search for Peter Jennings", National Review Online. Available on-line:http://peterjennings.150m.com last consulted: October 8th, 2002. SCHOLL AND WEISCHENBERG, Armin and Siegfried. (1999) "Autonomy in Journalism: How it is Related to Attitudes and Behavior of Media Professionals", Web Journal of Mass Communication Research, September 4, 1999. Available on-line: last consulted October 8th, 2002. The Susan G Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. (2002) "Talk back". Available on-line: last consulted October 8th, 2002.

Multinational Corporations

Globalization The liberal economic theory Is based on the fact that not all state's territories include the blessing of various natural resources. Therefore, state economies over the years have established several laws that make economic global trade a rather fair transaction. In its core trading was created to facilitate the gaining of products for territories in which producing a specific good might be limited due to their natural resources from those with comparative or absolute advantage.Economic liberalizes believe that governments should not interfere in the markets, because international elate Is maximized when states practice comparative advantage and specialize in certain products. It makes more sense for a country with easier and cheaper ways to produce a specific product do so in abundance and share it through global trade with the world, rather than it be extremely difficult and costly for a single state to do it alone.Through foreign direct investment, multinational corp orations are able to invest in other countries by establishing their own facilities in foreign territories. This is the base of globalization. Through FED and Mans companies are locating closer to customers and Introducing themselves In the same area as competitors, meanwhile they hire local manufacturers and employees to assist the production of their product. By doing so, they not only fuel the international economy by creating a larger amount of production for trade, but they also are creating Jobs for people where they are most needed.They usually establish foreign facilities and plants in countries where wage is extremely cheap- indicating that these countries are probably home to extremely poor human beings, who would have trouble finding a Job In the first place. Yet they also search to Invest In states that have attractive resources. FED Is good for developing countries because they make their economies stronger. By paying taxes and training personnel, they enrich their host territories economy and development.Economic liberalizes believe that Mans can serve as a peace keeping potential during trying times between two countries. That interdependence globally would cause powers to be more understanding and hesitant before creating a war. However stating that underdeveloped nations cannot Lully control the Mans because of lack of proper enforcement of human right laws, there is a chance that the workers may be exploited, but through safety and health standards, this situation is usually controlled. I strongly believe that developing states should allow Mans to house facilities in their territories.It's clear that for development, you must establish a strong economy, and FED and Mans without a doubt assist lesser-developed countries in reaching development. They create Jobs for those who are uneducated and therefore disqualified from many Job technological advancement of local companies. I do, however, support that specific tariffs and laws should be set against the Mans goods being sold in that state's market, because local producers could not stand a chance next to mass productions.Also, the dangers of human rights being violated are possible when establishing an NC in a state with an unrecognized government and must be highly investigated for proper activity. In regards to those issues I believe that as long as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GAIT) enforce and practice their trade principals the global trade market will be a safe place. The prevarication and liberalizing of trade and foreign direct investment are the best way to go about developing a state. Multinational Corporations Globalization The liberal economic theory Is based on the fact that not all state's territories include the blessing of various natural resources. Therefore, state economies over the years have established several laws that make economic global trade a rather fair transaction. In its core trading was created to facilitate the gaining of products for territories in which producing a specific good might be limited due to their natural resources from those with comparative or absolute advantage.Economic liberalizes believe that governments should not interfere in the markets, because international elate Is maximized when states practice comparative advantage and specialize in certain products. It makes more sense for a country with easier and cheaper ways to produce a specific product do so in abundance and share it through global trade with the world, rather than it be extremely difficult and costly for a single state to do it alone.Through foreign direct investment, multinational corp orations are able to invest in other countries by establishing their own facilities in foreign territories. This is the base of globalization. Through FED and Mans companies are locating closer to customers and Introducing themselves In the same area as competitors, meanwhile they hire local manufacturers and employees to assist the production of their product. By doing so, they not only fuel the international economy by creating a larger amount of production for trade, but they also are creating Jobs for people where they are most needed.They usually establish foreign facilities and plants in countries where wage is extremely cheap- indicating that these countries are probably home to extremely poor human beings, who would have trouble finding a Job In the first place. Yet they also search to Invest In states that have attractive resources. FED Is good for developing countries because they make their economies stronger. By paying taxes and training personnel, they enrich their host territories economy and development.Economic liberalizes believe that Mans can serve as a peace keeping potential during trying times between two countries. That interdependence globally would cause powers to be more understanding and hesitant before creating a war. However stating that underdeveloped nations cannot Lully control the Mans because of lack of proper enforcement of human right laws, there is a chance that the workers may be exploited, but through safety and health standards, this situation is usually controlled. I strongly believe that developing states should allow Mans to house facilities in their territories.It's clear that for development, you must establish a strong economy, and FED and Mans without a doubt assist lesser-developed countries in reaching development. They create Jobs for those who are uneducated and therefore disqualified from many Job technological advancement of local companies. I do, however, support that specific tariffs and laws should be set against the Mans goods being sold in that state's market, because local producers could not stand a chance next to mass productions.Also, the dangers of human rights being violated are possible when establishing an NC in a state with an unrecognized government and must be highly investigated for proper activity. In regards to those issues I believe that as long as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GAIT) enforce and practice their trade principals the global trade market will be a safe place. The prevarication and liberalizing of trade and foreign direct investment are the best way to go about developing a state.

Twentieth Century British Author

E. M. Forster (1879-1790) was the author of many well-known novels, and also several volumes of short-stories, essays and criticism. He is best-known for his 1924 novel A Passage to India, which has enjoyed a world-wide audience ever since its publication. Today he is considered as one of the prominent figures of British literature of the first half of the twentieth century. Forster once wrote, â€Å"Life is easy to chronicle, but bewildering to practice. † Edward Morgan Forster himself began his ‘bewildering practice’ on 1 January 1879, in London. When he was eight-years old, he inherited an amount ?8000 from his great-aunt, Marianne Thornton, of whom he would later write a biography. This inheritance was sufficient to let Forster pursue his education and literary career in relative freedom from financial constraints and worries. Upon his graduation from Tonbridge School, Forster secured admission into King's College, Cambridge where he studied classics and histo ry, and was partly under the tutelage of Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, of whom he would later write a biography. At Cambridge, he was exposed to the values of liberal humanism and cultivated a respect for the freedom of individuality of human beings.Under the influence of the philosopher G. E. Moore, Forster developed an aesthetic belief that contemplating beauty of art constituted a nobler purpose in life. He also became a strong believer in the value of friendships, and struck lasting friendships which meant a great deal to him throughout his life. He would later travel to India with a group of university friends. â€Å"If I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country,† he would later say.During these years of higher education, Forster was a member of an intellectual clique at Cambridge called the ‘Apostles', and through them came into contact with the members of the Bloomsbury Group, with which he would associate more closely in the subsequent years (Childs 2002). Completing his education at Cambridge, he left England on a long trip to Italy and Austria, which would last for one year. Forster would spend a significant period of his life traveling. It was around this time, in 1901, that he began exercising his writing skills.He then started working at Working Men's College and subsequently taught at the extra-mural department of the Cambridge Local Lectures Board. Forster's literary career began in 1903, when he began writing for The Independent Review, a liberal publication that he co-founded with Lowes Dickinson and used as a platform for advocating anti-imperialism. Soon, Forster became a published author with the appearance of his first novel Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905). Forster used his knowledge of Italy to create a story that juxtaposed and contrasted the passionate world of Italy with the constricting values of suburban England.The result is a social comedy, which rather interestingly ends up as a tragedy dealing with rather unsavory aspects of death and frustrated love. It is the story of a young English widow, Lilia, who falls in love with an Italian, but the members of her family cannot accept this and try to wrest her back. This work was not well received by the public. By 1910, Forster would have written three more novels. The Longest Journey (1907) and A Room with a View (1908) exhibit a growing maturity in literary skills and artistic scope, and Howards End (1910) saw his rise to fame.Forster wrote most of his short stories and four novels before 1910. In the sixty years he lived after that, he would write only two novels, Maurice, in 1914, and A Passage to India, in 1924 (Tambling 1995). After publishing his first novel, Forster left for Germany and worked for several months as tutor to the Countess von Arnim, in a place called Nassenheide. This experience would serve him in the characterization of Schlegel sisters in Howards En d. Back in England, in 1907, he took on the role of a private tutor for an Indian Muslim, with whom he developed a close relationship that could be seen as homosexual love.Forster's famous work A Passage to India would be dedicated to this person. Forster was a covert homosexual all through his life. The posthumous publishing of his homosexual novel Maurice (1971) offers strong testimony to his sexual orientation, although it is difficult to ascertain how far his homosexual orientation may have influenced his work in general. However, he certainly felt frustrated for not being able to write about homosexual themes openly and it is possible that he stopped writing novels half-way through his life out of such frustration. In 1907, Forster wrote and published a novel about his Cambridge days, The Longest Journey.It tells the story of an undergraduate and a struggling writer, Rickie Elliot, who abandons friendship for the sake marriage, but is enlightened by his pagan half-brother. The Longest Journey was also Forster's favorite novel, despite the poor response it got from the critics and the public. Around this time, Forster was closely associated with the Bloomsbury Group, and was interacting with people such as Lytton Strachey and Rogery Fry. In his third novel, A Room with a View, which is also his second Anglo-Italian novel partly set in Florence and partly in English suburbia, Forster displays his contempt for English snobbery.It is a light and optimistic tale, a story of misunderstandings which however ends on a happy note as Lucy Honeychurch, the protagonist, acknowledges her love for the impulsive George Emerson over her feelings for the intellectual Cecil Vyse. Forster’s novels have already begun to display a common theme of sensitive characters struggling with the inflexibility of social codes that they are encumbered with as well the relative insensitivity of those around them.It can be conjectured that Forster’s frustration at the opposi tion of the conservative values of his time to his homosexuality may have taken a general form portraying the oppression of social rigidness in his novels. In 1910 came Howards End which is a social novel about sections of the middle classes, focusing on the question of who will inherit â€Å"Howards End,† which is Forster's metonym for England. The story centers on the relationship between the intellectual German Schelgel sisters and the practical, male-dominated, business-oriented Wilcox family.In the novel, Forster attempted to find a way for Wilcox money to become the support for Schlegel culture, and also for the future of rural England to be taken away from the influence of urban, commercial interests and placed once more in the hands of the farmers. The novel presents an ambitious social message, though not wholly practical or convincing. Howards End finally secured Forster's reputation and established him as a novelist. However, he would only publish one novel in the rest of his long life, besides sporadic publication of short stories, essays and so on.In 1911, Forster brought out a collection of short stories entitled The Celestial Omnibus. In 1912-13 he made his first visit to India, with R. C. Trevelyan, Dickinson and G. H. Luce. Here, he had the chance to observe the British colonial administration first-hand. After this trip, he wrote most of the first section of A Passage to India, but it was not until after a second visit, in 1921, when he spent six months as private secretary to a Hindu Maharajah, that he completed it. His masterpiece was published in 1924 and was unanimously praised by literary critics.Around this time he also worked on the homosexual novel Maurice: A Romance. Though it would not be published until after his death, it was circulated privately at the time, and is a story of cross-class homosexual love the kind of which Forster himself yearned for. During World War I, he worked with the International Red Cross and was sta tioned in Alexandria, Egypt. He also became a strong supporter of the Alexandrian poet C. P. Cavfy. During his stay in Alexandria, he struck an acquaintance with a teenaged tram conductor, Mohammed el-Adl, with whom he fell in deep love.Mohammed would die of tuberculosis in Alexandria in spring of 1922, and this loss weighed heavily on Forster for the rest of his life. Forster returned to England in 1919, after the war, but set off traveling again in 1921. On this trip to India he worked as the private secretary to the Maharajah of Dewas Senior, and his letters home from the two Indian trips were later published as The Hill of Devi (1953). In 1922 he published Alexandria: A History and a Guide, but could get it into circulation only in 1938.Pharos and Pharillon, which is a collection of Forster's essays on Alexandria together with some translations of Cavafy's poems, was published in 1923. All through this time, Forster had been reworking on A Passage to India, which was published i n 1924, almost a decade and a half after his previous novel Howard's End. It is a novel about the clash between Eastern and Western cultures during British rule in India, and is generally considered among major literary works of the twentieth century. It is the story of Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore's journey to India to visit Adela's fiance, and Mrs Moore's son, Ronny Heaslop.There they meet a college teacher, Cyril Fielding, who is an avatar of Forster himself, the Hindu Brahmin Dr Godbole and the Muslim Dr Aziz. The novel revolves around Dr Aziz's alleged assault Adela. Ms. Quested reports of an attempted assault by the Dr. Aziz and subsequently retracts her complaint. Once again, misunderstanding features prominently in Forster’s narrative. A Passage to India was widely acclaimed. For example, a critic at New York Times wrote: â€Å"The crystal-clear portraiture, the delicate conveying of nuances of thought and life, and the astonishing command of his medium show Mr.Forst er at the height of his powers† (Forster, 1989 : front flap). But mysteriously, at the height of his powers, Forster would choose to renounce novel writing. Some have speculated this could be because he felt he could not write openly and honestly about homosexual relations which he longed to write about. In 1927 he gave the Clark lectures at Cambridge University, which were published as Aspects of the Novel the same year. He was also offered a fellowship at King's College, Cambridge. In 1928, his second collection of short stories, The Eternal Moment, was published. It is a collection of six stories predominated by fantasy and romance.In the immediately following years there was the publication of The Hill of Devi and two short-story volumes, under the generic name Collected Short Stories. The last published work of his life was Marianne Thornton, the biography of his great-aunt whose gift allowed him to go to Cambridge. In 1969 Forster was awarded the Order of Merit. He died shortly thereafter. â€Å"E. M. Forster has never lacked for readers, is widely studied, has had his novels turned into highly marketable films, and has encouraged criticism usually of a strongly liberal-humanist kind,† notes Tambling (1995) in his introduction to a book of critical essays on E.M. Forster. Forster explored the shortcomings of the English middle class and their emotional deficiencies, employing irony and wit. Today he is remembered for the impeccable style of writing that is evident in all of his novels and short stories. References: Childs, P. (2002). A Routledge Literary Sourcebook on E. M. Forster's A Passage to India† (Routledge Literary Sourcebooks). London : Routledge. Forster, E. M. (1989). â€Å"A Passage to India. † Orlando, FL : Harcourt Brace Tambling, J. (1995). â€Å"E. M. Forster: Contemporary Critical Essays† (New Casebooks). . New York : St. Martin's Press.

The Brownie Camera Changed the Future of Photography

The Brownie Camera Changed the Future of Photography The next time you point your smartphone at a sunset, snap a group of friends on a night out or position yourself just so for a selfie, you might want to give silent thanks to George Eastman. Not that he invented the smartphone or the myriad social media sites to which you can instantly post your images. What he did do was set in motion the democratization of a pastime that prior to the turn of the 20th century  was solely reserved for professionals well-trained in the use of heavy large-format cameras.   In February of 1900,  Eastmans  company,  Eastman Kodak,  introduced a low-priced, point-and-shoot, hand-held camera, called the Brownie. Simple enough for even children to use, the Brownie was designed, priced, and marketed in order to bolster the sale of roll film, which Eastman had recently invented, and as a result, make  photography  accessible to the masses.   Snapshots From a Small Box Designed by Eastman Kodaks camera designer Frank A. Brownell, the Brownie camera was little more than a simple  black rectangular cardboard box covered in imitation leather with nickeled fittings. To take a snapshot, all one had to do was pop in a cartridge of film, close the door, hold the camera at waist height, aim it  by looking through the viewfinder at the top, and turn a switch. Kodak claimed in its advertisements that the Brownie camera was so simple they can easily [be] operated by any school boy or girl. Though simple enough for even children to use, a 44-page instruction booklet accompanied every Brownie camera.   Affordable and Easy to Use The Brownie camera was very affordable, selling for only $1 each. Plus, for only 15 cents, a Brownie camera owner could buy a six-exposure film cartridge that could be loaded in daylight. For an extra 10 cents a photo plus 40 cents for developing and postage, users could send their film to Kodak for development, eliminating the need to invest in a darkroom and special equipment and materials- much less learn how to use them. Marketed to Children Kodak heavily marketed the Brownie camera to children. Its ads, which ran in popular magazines rather than just trade journals, also included what would soon become a series of popular Brownie characters, elf-like creatures created by Palmer Cox. Children under the age of 15  were also urged to join the free Brownie Camera Club, which sent all members a brochure on the art of photography  and advertised a series of photo contests in which kids could earn prizes for their snapshots. The Democratization of Photography In just the first year after introducing the Brownie, the Eastman Kodak Company sold over a quarter of a million of its little cameras. However, the small cardboard box did more than just  help make Eastman a rich man. It forever changed the culture. Soon, handheld cameras of all sorts would hit the market, making possible vocations like photojournalist and fashion photographer, and giving artists yet another medium with which to express themselves. These cameras also gave everyday people an affordable, accessible way to document the important moments of their lives,  whether formal or spontaneous and preserve them for future generations.

3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles

3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles 3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles 3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"Thanks to technology, we can have independence, relative independence, from the harsh qualities of the real world on a day-to-day basis.† This sentence’s punctuation a series of three commas implies a flat progression of ideas without modulation. But the writer, after the fact, modifies the absolute word independence with the qualifying term relative, and should signal this slight case of backpedaling by marking the phrase â€Å"relative independence† as an interjection: â€Å"Thanks to technology, we can have independence relative independence from the harsh qualities of the real world on a day-to-day basis.† 2. â€Å"You, yes you, can say you were there for the advent of the Apple iPod.† The writer almost immediately interrupts the sentence to emphasize the importance of the reader’s qualification to make the claim. The interruption, however, is weak because it is accomplished with a pair of quotidian commas rather than two dashing dashes. Also, note that if the writer had correctly punctuated the parenthetical phrase (â€Å"yes, you†), the result would be a confusing sequence of three commas (â€Å"You, yes, you, can say . . .†), which would further diminish the impact of the interruption. The correct treatment is â€Å"You yes, you can say you were there for the advent of the Apple iPod.† (The third parenthetical option, to place â€Å"yes, you† in parentheses, is the equivalent of whispering the phrase, which is not the connotation the writer intends.) 3. â€Å"The potato, and for that matter ginger root, are not true roots, but underground stems.† This sentence is a more complicated variation of the one in the previous example complicated, because the interjection (â€Å"and for that matter ginger root†) itself includes a parenthetical phrase that the author has erred in not setting off with punctuation: â€Å"For that matter† is an interjection within the phrase â€Å"and ginger root.† The larger interjection should be set off by em dashes, though parentheses are also correct; commas will suffice for the one within: â€Å"The potato and, for that matter, ginger root is not a true root, but an underground stem.† (Note, too, that I altered the sentence’s plural construction to a singular one: Factually, ginger root is also an underground stem rather than a true root, but in the sentence as it is structured, because ginger root is within a parenthetical phrase, is and the nouns root and stem refer only to potato.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostrophePeople vs. Persons

Discourse, Field-Configuring Events, and Change In Organizations Shell Essay

Discourse, Field-Configuring Events, and Change In Organizations Shell - Essay Example In an attempt to determine the safest and environmentally friendly way to dispose its spar, the company considered to dispose its Brent Spar by sinking it in 6000 feet of Atlantic water. This move was undetermined since the disposal could possibly contaminate other seawater thereby leading to human and environmental dangers (Wheeler et.al, 2009, p. 19). Intentionally, the company ignored critical assumptions made by environmentalist regarding the disposal of this waste. The company was therefore faced with an environmental problem allegation mainly from Greenpeace. This includes regular oil spills, drainage of harmful water into a canal and emission of dangerous gases from the pump. Crime and unemployment were external ethical issues that faced the oil industry. It is cited that the Nigerian government did not utilize the profit earned from the company in infrastructural development and other economic activities that tend to improve economic growth. Instead, the government channels these funds to finance political party’s activities. Unemployment created insecurity within the nation. The government and the system of public officials were cited as the most corrupt in the globe. This was due to misappropriation of government funds, thereby increasing crime in the country. The Nigerian government has the largest number of shares in the company formed collaborations with other industries thereby diluting company’s operations. In this perspective, this strategy was against the will of other shareholders. Considering the initial attempts to take over the company, any collaboration made between the company and United State oil companies placed the company at risk, but the Nigerian government did not put into consideration the decisions of other shareholders when initiating this partnership. It therefore sets up joint ventures with other multinational oil companies (Wheeler et.al, 2009, p. 34). After negotiation and a long debate on proposed